Comparison Table Of Transporation Mileages		Web Page Started Approximately 2000-2002			Most recent update: Feb. 11 2009
Vehicle	Year Of Vehicle	Type of Vehicle	Miles Per International Standard Unit Energy (Megajoule)	Miles Per Standardized Unit Energy (Million BTU (IT))	Miles Per Standardized Unit Energy (KWH)	Miles Per KiloCalorie	Miles Per Gallon Of Gasoline Equivalent, (MPGE) (1 gallon gasoline assumed equal to approximately 113,500 BTU (IT), depending on more than one variable factor)	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon Gasoline (EPA Combined Cycle Where Possible)	Background Data: Miles Per kWh for Battery Electric Vehicles (Data is as measured from charger-socket-to-wheel)	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon of #2 Diesel	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon B100 (100% Biodiesel)	Background Data: Miles Per Million BTU	Max Passenger Multiplier (approx.)	Data Source	Website Reference To Data Source	Additional Websites	Additional Websites	Range Per Fully Charged Battery or Full Tank of Fuel	Full Tank Or Charge Energy Content	0-60 mph Acceleration	Top Speed	Regenerative Brakes Used	Grid-Chargeable	MSRP	Energy Conversion Type	Storage Type	Battery Type	Comments, Notes
Bicycling		Bicycle	5.45	5753.30	19.63	0.0228	653.00	653.00					1	10									No.		Human-mechanical	Human/Mechanical-Wheels-Gears
2008 Vectrix (2-wheeler)	2008	BEV (2-wheeler)	2.32	2447.37	8.35	0.0097	277.78		8.35				1	1	http://evworld.com/blogs/index.cfm?authorid=51&blogid=676								Yes			Battery	NiMH	average of conservative empirical data
Walking		(human power)	1.96	2070.48	7.06	0.0082	235.00	235.00					1	10									No.		Human	Human
Electric Light Rail		Electric Rail	1.67	1762.11	6.01	0.0070	200.00	200.00					Hundreds	14	http://strickland.ca/efficiency.html										grid	grid	grid	passenger-mpg
2009 BMW Mini-E	2009	BEV	1.50	1582.73	5.40	0.0063	179.64		5.40				4	1									Yes			Battery	LiOn
2009 Th!nk City	2009	BEV	1.04	1093.26	3.73	0.0043	124.08		3.73				4	8									Yes			Battery	NaNiCl (guess: website unclear)	3.73-4.76 miles per kWH range estimated from manufacturer data on battery capacity and range depending on cycle.  Use conservative side
1997 Panasonic Lead-Acid EV1	1997	BEV	0.99	1049.29	3.58	0.0042	119.09		3.58				2 ?	13									Yes			Battery	Lead-Acid
2009 Tesla	2009	BEV	0.99	1046.36	3.57	0.0042	118.76		3.57				2	9	http://www.teslamotors.com/								Yes			Battery	LiOn	100/28
2002 Toyota RAV4 Electric (Government Mileage Estimate)	2002	BEV	0.94	986.78	3.37	0.0039	112.00	112.00					4	6									Yes			Battery	NiMH
1995-2001 Solectria Force NiMH 3-Seat Geo Metro 4-door	1995-2001	BEV	0.87	920.33	3.14	0.0037	104.46		3.14				3	2								Yes	Yes			Battery	NiMH	Lead-Acid and Ni-Cads also Available. 11/10/01: They've removed info about the Force... I don't know if they still make it.
Vehicle	Year Of Vehicle	Type of Vehicle	Miles Per International Standard Unit Energy (Megajoule)	Miles Per Standardized Unit Energy (Million BTU (IT))	Miles Per Standardized Unit Energy (KWH)	Miles Per KiloCalorie	Miles Per Gallon Of Gasoline Equivalent, (MPGE) (1 gallon gasoline assumed equal to approximately 113,500 BTU (IT), depending on more than one variable factor)	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon Gasoline (EPA Combined Cycle Where Possible)	Background Data: Miles Per kWh (BEVs, others)	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon of #2 Diesel	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon B100 (100% Biodiesel)	Background Data: Miles Per Million BTU	Max Passenger Multiplier (approx.)	Data Source	Website Reference To Data Source	Additional Websites	Additional Websites	Range Per Fully Charged Battery or Full Tank of Fuel	Full Tank Or Charge Energy Content	0-60 mph Acceleration	Top Speed	Regenerative Brakes Used	Grid-Chargeable	MSRP	Energy Conversion Type	Storage Type	Battery Type	Comments, Notes
1999 GM EV1 2-seater NiMH	1999	BEV	0.74	785.79	2.68	0.0031	89.19		2.68				2	2, 1	http://avt.inel.gov/fsev.shtml			130 (data source 1)		Less Than 9 Seconds	80 mph (electronically limited)	Yes	Yes	[2001 archived information: No Longer Manufactured. As of 02/21/2001 there are reportedly a few hundred refurbished lead-acid ones which will be available in a month or two for lease at California and Arizona Saturn Dealers, for $350 per month plus mileage (though GM has lied in the past about the schedule of such matters). Availability is severe-wait-list-only and only a select few will be chosen by GM who "qualify" to lease the car.]		Battery	NiMH	[archived notes from approx. 2001-2002] Arguably the best EV ever put on the market, and in the eyes of many owners the best car they ever had, GM refuses to make any more. In the late 90's it was available only in California, Arizona and parts of Georgia. You might be able to get your hands on one go to your Saturn Dealer First-Quarter 2001 and are very lucky and patient. Here is some discussion of the lengths to which GM went to prevent the success of this car.
2002 Toyota RAV4 Electric (one driver's empirical data)	2002	BEV	0.71	753.26	2.57	0.0030	85.50		2.57				4	5								Yes	Yes	About $42,000 but there are about $10,000 in incentives		Battery	NiMH	(2002?) archived information: [was: Available to fleet buyers nationwide: Contact Greg Glander: 310-468-4042. Available to consumers in California by going to their web page at: http://rav4ev.toyota.com Not available to consumers outside of California unless they succeed in lying and claiming they are a fleet-buyer.]
2005 EnergyCS PHEV	2005	PHEV	0.71	750.75	2.56	0.0030	85.21	85.21					4	12	http://jcwinnie.biz/wordpress/?p=937								Yes
2001 Ford Ranger Lead-Acid Electric Truck	2001	BEV	0.63	665.33	2.27	0.0026	75.52		2.27				2	1								Yes?	Yes	?		Battery	Lead-Acid	10/08/02: The Ranger EV appears to be for lease only to fleet managers, not to individual consumers, per one person's report on a discussion group (this may be state-dependent.... sometimes Californians and a few other states' consumers have some access to EVs).
2009 Honda FCX Clarity	2009	FCV	0.62	651.98	2.22	0.0026	74.00	74.00					4 ?	9														based on epa, per manufacturer.
1981 Boeing 767 (full load of 211 passengers)	1981	Commercial Airplane	0.58	615.86	2.10	0.0024	69.90	69.90					211	11	http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954906,00.html								No.
2001 Honda Insight Hybrid 2-Seater	2001	NPHEV: Non-Pluggable Hybrid	0.57	599.12	2.04	0.0024	68.00	68.00					2	1								Yes	No.	$20,180.00				2002 information: The Insight is for sale in the US. Honda apparently plans to incorporate this technology into a more widely available model. American Manufacturers, shamefully, still do not have a hybrid for sale, anywhere. They have accepted hundreds of millions of taxpayer dollars in assistance for designing their beautiful shiny never-sold prototypes.
Vehicle	Year Of Vehicle	Type of Vehicle	Miles Per International Standard Unit Energy (Megajoule)	Miles Per Standardized Unit Energy (Million BTU (IT))	Miles Per Standardized Unit Energy (KWH)	Miles Per KiloCalorie	Miles Per Gallon Of Gasoline Equivalent, (MPGE) (1 gallon gasoline assumed equal to approximately 113,500 BTU (IT), depending on more than one variable factor)	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon Gasoline (EPA Combined Cycle Where Possible)	Background Data: Miles Per kWh (BEVs, others)	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon of #2 Diesel	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon B100 (100% Biodiesel)	Background Data: Miles Per Million BTU	Max Passenger Multiplier (approx.)	Data Source	Website Reference To Data Source	Additional Websites	Additional Websites	Range Per Fully Charged Battery or Full Tank of Fuel	Full Tank Or Charge Energy Content	0-60 mph Acceleration	Top Speed	Regenerative Brakes Used	Grid-Chargeable	MSRP	Energy Conversion Type	Storage Type	Battery Type	Comments, Notes
2000 Daimler Chrysler NECAR - 11/01/2000 version: Fuel Cell Electric Car	2000	Hybrid? H2 fuel cell-electric?	0.47	491.00	1.68	0.0019	55.73					491.0	4	4								?		NOT FOR SALE				Prototype: Not available to buy. Powered by pure Hydrogen.
2001 Toyota Prius Hybrid 4-Seater	2001	NPHEV: Non-Pluggable Hybrid	0.38	396.48	1.35	0.0016	45.00	45.00					4	1								Yes	No.	20,450.00				2002 Notes: Higher city mileage than highway mileage. This gas-electric hybrid has been on sale in Japan for years. The Prius is now for sale in the US. It is wait-list-popular. American Manufacturers offer nothing comparable and claim that no-one wants such cars.
Amtrak		Diesel	0.36	378.85	1.29	0.0015	43.00	43.00					Hundreds	10	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_efficiency_in_transportation
2009 Civic Can't-Be-Plugged-In Hybrid	2009	NPHEV: Non-Pluggable Hybrid	0.35	370.04	1.26	0.0015	42.00	42.00					4	6									No.
2002 Volkswagen Beetle TDI (Turbo Diesel) running on B100	2002	Diesel (running Biodiesel, not Petroleum Diesel).	0.35	367.23	1.25	0.0015	41.68				43.00		4	1								--	No.					Biodiesel is made by chemically reacting alcohol with vegetable oils, fats or greases. It "can be used in unmodified diesel engines with the current fueling infrastructure" according to the DOE. I think a little research should be done before attempting to run biodiesel in your own engine.
Commuter Rail		electric or diesel rail?	0.32	334.80	1.14	0.0013	38.00	38.00					Hundreds	10	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_efficiency_in_transportation
Vehicle	Year Of Vehicle	Type of Vehicle	Miles Per International Standard Unit Energy (Megajoule)	Miles Per Standardized Unit Energy (Million BTU (IT))	Miles Per Standardized Unit Energy (KWH)	Miles Per KiloCalorie	Miles Per Gallon Of Gasoline Equivalent, (MPGE) (1 gallon gasoline assumed equal to approximately 113,500 BTU (IT), depending on more than one variable factor)	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon Gasoline (EPA Combined Cycle Where Possible)	Background Data: Miles Per kWh (BEVs, others)	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon of #2 Diesel	Background Data: Miles Per Gallon B100 (100% Biodiesel)	Background Data: Miles Per Million BTU	Max Passenger Multiplier (approx.)	Data Source	Website Reference To Data Source	Additional Websites	Additional Websites	Range Per Fully Charged Battery or Full Tank of Fuel	Full Tank Or Charge Energy Content	0-60 mph Acceleration	Top Speed	Regenerative Brakes Used	Grid-Chargeable	MSRP	Energy Conversion Type	Storage Type	Battery Type	Comments, Notes
2009 Smart	2009	Conventional Gasoline	0.30	317.18	1.08	0.0013	36.00	36.00					2	6
2001 Honda Natural Gas Civic	2001	Compressed Natural Gas	0.28	299.56	1.02	0.0012	34.00	34.00					4	1								--	No.	$20,230				Carbon emissions about 1/3 less per mile for natural gas than for other fossil fuels. 02/02/02: A colleague tells me that UPS is discontinuing its CNG truck operation because of the difficulties of refueling.
2001 Honda Accord LX Automatic	2001	Conventional Gasoline	0.25	264.32	0.90	0.0010	30.00	30.00					4	1								--	No.	$19,590.00				Typical Family Car with good mileage.
2009 VW Jetta Diesel	2009	Conventional Diesel	0.25	258.96	0.88	0.0010	29.39			34.00			4	6									No.
2009 Civic (Manual or Automatic have same combined EPA estimate of 29)	2009	Conventional Gasoline	0.24	255.51	0.87	0.0010	29.00	29.00					4	6									No.
2009 Civic CNG	2009	Compressed Natural Gas	0.23	246.70	0.84	0.0010	28.00	28.00					4	6									No.
2002 Toyota RAV4 Gasoline 4 cylinder 2WD 5-speed	2002	Conventional Gasoline	0.20	211.45	0.72	0.0008	24.00	24.00					4	6									No.
MDI MiniCAT	?	Compressed Air Powered Car	?	?	?	?	?		1.88 (generous estimate, for lack of solid data)				2 ?	10, 1	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_car	http://zeropollutionmotors.us/?page_id=43	http://www.mdi.lu/english/cityflowair.php	4.69 (demonstrated with what fuel tank?) - 30 miles (claimed)	16									I have not found a credible source for empirical real-world data claims on the various models of MDI Aircar except the claim in wikipedia that the one real test went only 7.55 km (4.69 miles).  Piecing together some website claims, they seem to claim that in theory the air-powered side of their cars will take you about 30 miles at city speeds.  For energy capacity, the manufacturer provides 3200 cubic feet stored at 4500 PSI which translates to about 16 kWh of onboard energy stored via compression of air.
Selected numbers for comparing the mileage per Megajoule, per BTU, per kWh, per KiloCalorie of various vehicles.
(Note: this is a work in progress.... many of the numbers are disputed and difficult to nail down.  Others' website estimates have been used where they are the best I (Josh Landess) can do for the moment.)
Another page on this topic, unrelated to this website, which does a good job and focuses on passenger-mpg can be found here:			http://strickland.ca/efficiency.html
Original Web Page Location:			http://www.herecomesmongo.com/ae/comptab.html
Data Source Key
1	Information provided by vehicle manufacturer.
2	http://avt.inel.gov/fsev.shtml
3	All fuel costs taken from local gas-station quotations and personal electric bills, May, 2000: 1.72 cents per gallon 87 Octane gasoline, $1.63 per gallon #2 diesel, and $0.09 cents per kWh electricity
4	Per Company News Release 11/01/2000
5	Measurements per owner Ken Adelman of www.adelman.com. Ken did say, though, that for the NiMH pack on his EV1 (not identical to RAV4, but instructive) the ideal charging method, to preserve battery life, is to charge it all the way up, and the last bit of 10% or so of 'topping-off' tends to be somewhat wasteful of energy. But since NiMH battery packs are expensive, energy-efficiency of charging is sacrificed to battery-preservation methods.
6	FuelEconomy.Gov
7	Pieced Together From Vehicle Manufacturer Incomplete Info
8	Pieced Together From Vehicle Manufacturer Incomplete Info, and somewhat overly-speculative personal guesses.  Need more data
9	EPA Estimate Posted By Manufacturer On Page
10	Wikipedia
11	magazine article
12	Blog
13	Mileage data extracted from testing report at government website.
14	Strickland.CA
Abbreviations:
BTU (IT) = the type of BTU known as the “'International Table' British Thermal Unit”
KWH = Kilowatt-Hours
kcal (IT) = kilocalories (International Table)
Standard Energy Conversions, (with some rounding and perhaps some approximation):															http://www.unitconversion.org/unit_converter/energy-ex.html
1,000,000 Joules = 1 Megajoule = 947.817120313 BTU (IT) = 0.277777778 kWh = 238.845896627 kcal (IT)
3,599,660 Joules = 3.599660 Megajoule = 3412 BTU (IT) = 1 kWh = 859.606381962 kcal (IT)
119,748,839.27 Joules = 119.74883927 Megajoule = 113,500 BTU (IT) = 33.263566465 kWh = 28,601.318429349 kcal (IT)  [this is about 1 gallon of gasoline]
1,055,055,852.62 Joules = 1055.05585262 Megajoule = 1,000,000 BTU (IT) = 293.071070172 kWh = 251,995.76111111 kcal (IT)
Fuel-Energy Approximations:
1 gallon non-reformulated gasoline = appoximately 113,500 BTU (depending on seasonality and other factors... Oil Industry Literature reportedly indicates that real-world gasoline sold at US pumps can go to 108,500 BTU or lower).
1 gallon of #2 diesel = approximately 131,295 BTU (LHV)
1 gallon of biodiesel = approximately 117,093 BTU (LHV)
1 cubic foot of natural gas = approximately 1000 BTU
1 lb H2 = approximately 61,000 BTU (HHV)														DOE	http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/tech_validation/pdfs/fcm01r0.pdf
1 kg H2 = approximately 134,481 BTU (HHV)														calculated from DOE data
1 kg Boron = 54.644 MJ = 51793.4 BTU															http://www.eagle.ca/~gcowan/boron_blast.html#BtE
1lb = 0.453592369999748 kg
1 gallon = approximately 3.785 liters (1 quart = 1 quarter of a gallon = .946 Liters)
Webster's Definitions:
Energy:
1. Joule: A unit of work or energy equal to the work done by a force of one newton acting through a distance of one meter.
2. BTU: British Thermal Unit: the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at a specific temperature (as 39 degrees Fahrenheit).
3. killowatt-hour: a unit of work or energy equal to that expended by one killowatt in one hour or to 3.6 million joules. [watt: n. [From the distinguished mechanician and scientist, James Watt.] (Physics) A unit of power or activity equal to 10^7 C.G.S. units of power, or to work done at the rate of one joule a second. An English horse power is approximately equal to 746 watts. ....the power dissipated by a current of 1 ampere flowing across a resistance of 1 ohm.]
Other points:
1 barrel (of Petroleum) = 42 gallons
1 cubic foot = 28.3168466 liters
07/06/00:
1 Million BTU Wholesale Natural Gas (Futures Markets Price) = $4.07
1 Million BTU Retail Unleaded 87 Octane Gas ($1.73 at the pump down the street x 8.81) = $15.24
1 Million BTU Retail Electricity (Retail = about .09 per kWh x 293) = $26.37
10/03/02: Other Points "LHV" values for Biodiesel and Diesel, given at Department of Energy Website:
117,093 btu per gallon
131,295 btu per gallon
A helpful government site I found in the course of trying to follow up more accurately on BTU content per gallon of each fuel.
11/28/01: Some realworld EV numbers courtesy www.adelman.com:
... The RAV4-EV consumes .389kWh/mile [2.57 mile/kWh] measured at the charger input, averaged over approximately one month of our normal driving mix. I am currently working on measurements on our other EVs. The one data point I do have on a borrowed Gen1 (lead acid batteries) EV1 indicates .243kWh/mile, [4.12 mile/kWh] but this was mostly freeway driving. Note our EV1s are both Gen2 (NiMH batteries) and will use a bit more power than the Gen1 car.
Nationally, this appears to be a link to various EV related links and hopefully some for-sale pages.
How much oil does it take to produce one gallon of unleaded fuel?														(source: discussion board poster)
* There are 19.5 gallons of gasoline in a barrel of oil (which is 42 gallons).
* Efficiency of an internal combustion engine is about 22% and electric motor...about 96%(plus or minus a few points...depending on who built it).
* Here's some more info on what is produced from a barrel of oil in gallons....
* gasoline 19.5
* distillate fuel oil 9.2
* (Includes both home heating oil and diesel fuel)
* kerosene-type jet fuel 4.1
* residual fuel oil
* (Heavy oils used as fuels in industry, marine transportation and for electric power generation) 2.3
* liquefied refinery gasses 1.9
* still gas
* coke 1.8
* asphalt and road oil 1.3
* petrochemical feedstocks 1.2
* lubricants 0.5
* kerosene 0.2
* other 0.3
Reasons for this page:
1. To respond to the unfairness of the commonly-accepted idea of defining all mileage of all vehicles in terms of fossil fuels. Not all vehicles are fossil fuel powered.
2. "Miles per gallon of gasoline" is not a scientifically exact standard of measurement. A gallon of gasoline is not a clearly-defined internationally-accepted Unit of Energy.
3. Throughout our society, we see debates ended, and people mistreated, with unjust out-of-hand dismissals of their arguments for want of the intellect to separate many complex aspects of a problem. This is a deep problem in our society, one that is symptomatic of a possibly more difficult to solve, and possibly far worse problem, than oil dependency. I met some of that thinking in discussing hybrids and EV's, and noticed that the net result was that discussion was getting bogged down. I built this page to sidestep some of the argument. The objections to EV's which centered on their use of Electricity of highly debatable sustainability were simply ending all conversation and were not allowing for separating the many various important factors in assessing the sustainability of different vehicle technologies. The objections to EV electricity derivation are not unimportant, but they should not be used to dismiss discussion out-of-hand.